Факторы, влияющие на предпринимательские намерения женщин в России

At the present stage of economic development, entrepreneurial activity is considered as one of the key elements of economic growth all around the world. For the successful development of entrepreneurship various factors are needed, among which can be highlighted the need of wide dissemination of women’s entrepreneurship. An indirect confirmation of this is the study, which was conducted by McKinsey company (Woetzel, 2015). Scientist pointed out that the increase in the share of women in the economy contains a huge potential for the entire world economy, which is equal to 26% of world GDP by 2025.
In recent years, overall attention to women’s entrepreneurship has increased significantly. The role of gender in entrepreneurial behavior has become an important component of academic discussions of entrepreneurship, therefore, there has been an increasing trend in the number of researches in the field of female entrepreneurship.
The existing literature on women’s entrepreneurship covers a range of topics , such as gender stereotypes in modern society (Vossenberg, 2013), the role of perceiving financial barriers when making initial decisions (Roper, 2009), education level (Caliendo, 2015), experience in a managerial position, fear of failure (Koellinger, 2013), the reason that prompted the entrepreneur to start its own business (Pines, 2010), absence of the required amount of capital and the lack of external financing (Roper, 2009), personal characteristics and the propensity to start a business (Minniti M. N., 2007), as well as management methods used in running a business. It has been scientifically proven that gender is among socio-economic characteristics such as employment status, income, age, education, which are the fundamental factors determining the decision of individuals to start entrepreneurial activity.
Despite the growing interest to the topic of women’s entrepreneurship, there are few studies that discuss the ways on how to decrease the gender gap in the entrepreneurial activity in Russia and, particularly, the problem of low intentions of women to become an entrepreneur, as well as identification of potential solutions associated with this phenomenon. Entrepreneurship is a planned behavior and is largely determined by intentions to start a new business. (Bird, 1988) Since entrepreneurial intentions are the initial link in the entrepreneurial process and allow to predict the entrepreneurial behavior of an individual (Krueger et al., 2000), the study of factors contributing to the formation of entrepreneurial intentions is important for understanding entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial activity. Therefore, conducting a study for investigating female entrepreneurial intentions is a demanding task today.
The aim of this study is to determine factors that influence women entrepreneurial intentions in Russia. Research object of the study is women entrepreneurship in Russia.
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Research questions, that should be answered during the research process are the following:
1) Which factors could influence entrepreneurial intentions of women?
2) What is the influence of each determined factor on entrepreneurial intentions
of women?
To achieve established goal and answer all the research questions it is necessary to perform a number of tasks:
1) Analyze the literature on gender peculiarities of entrepreneurship, as well as to study previous researches on factors that influence entrepreneurial intentions of women;
2) Consider the main frameworks to determine the factors and statistical approaches with which the significance of factors can be analyzed;
3) Based on the GEM database reveal influence of different factors on entrepreneurial intentions of women in Russia.
All the steps of research would eventually allow to set a list of recommendations on how to increase the share of women entrepreneurs.